Effect of sertraline and its interaction with imipramine on forced swimming induced immobility period in mice
Keywords:
sertraline, imipramine, antidepressantAbstract
Background: The treatment of depression relies on a varied group of antidepressant therapeutic agents, in part because clinical depression is a complex syndrome of widely varying severity. The objectives of the present study were (i) to study the possible mechanism of antidepressant action of sertraline in different models of mice using FST and (ii) to study the interaction of sertraline with imipramine in the above models.
Methods: Forced swimming test (FST) is a behavioral screening method used to test antidepressant activity in animals. Mice were divided into different groups on basis of drugs administration intraperitoneally (i.p.). Imipramine was administered 30 min, sertraline 60 min, clonidine 15 min and reserpine 4 hr and 24 hr prior to FST. Vehicle dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) 0.1 ml was administered l hr, 4 hr and 24 hrs prior to FST. Control group received 0.1 ml saline. Effects of different doses of sertraline and imipramine and its combination were evaluated on various models of depression using FST.
Results: Sertraline and imipramine dose dependently decreased the duration of immobility in control mice. However doses of sertraline (0.5 mg/kg) and imipramine (2.5 mg/kg) alone did not alter the duration of immobility; but in combination, they significantly decreased the duration of immobility in control mice, suggesting additive effect.
Conclusion: Sertraline when combined with imipramine, significantly enhanced reduction in immobility produced by imipramine in all the three models (i.e. control, clonidine treated and reserpine treated).
Downloads
References
Baldessarini RJ and Jamison JR. Effects of medical interventions on suicidal behavior, summary and conclusions. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1999; 60(suppl. 2): 117-122.
Buckley PF and Waddington JL. Schizophrenia and Mood Disorder: The New Drug Therapies in Clinical Practice. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, 2000.
Owens MJ, Morgan WN, Plott SJ and Nemeroff CB. Neurotransmitter receptor and transporter binding profile of antidepressants and their metabolites. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther, 1997;283:1305-1322.
Rudorfer MV, Henry ME and Sackein HA. Electroconvulsive therapy. In, Psychiatry. Vol. 1. (Tasman A, Kay J and Lieberman JA) Saunders, Philadelphia, 1997: 1535-1551.
Barker EL and Blakely RD. Norepinephrine and serotonin transporters: molecular targets of antidepressant drugs. In, Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress. (Bloom, F.E., and Kupfer, D.L., eds.) Raven Press, New York, 1995: 321-333.
Azmitia EC and Whitaker-Azmitia. Anatomy, Cell biology, and Plasticity of the seronergic system. In, Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress. (Bloom, FE and Kupfer DL., eds.) Raven Press, New York, 1995: 443-449.
Sawant NR and Nair AM. Tutorial review: The animal models of depression. Indian Drugs 36(1); January 1999: 68-75.
Kulkarni SK, Mehta AK. Purine nucleosides-mediated immobility in mice: Reversal by antidepressants. Psychopharmacology, 1985; 85:460-3.
Parale MP, Kulkarni SK. Clonidine-induced behavioral despair in mice: Reversal by antidepressants. Psychopharmacology, 1986; 89: 171-4.
Nagatani T, Sugihara T, Kodaira R (1984). The effect of diazepam and of agents, which change GABAergic, functions in immobility in mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1997: 301-304.
Porsolt RD, Bertin A, Jalfre M. Behavioural despair in mice: A primary screening test for antidepressants. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 1977a; 229: 327-336,
Porsolt RD, Le Pichon M, Jalfre M. Depression: A new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Nature, 1977b; 266: 730-730.
Porsolt RD, Bretin A, Jalfre M. Behavioral despair in rats and mice: Strain differences and the effects of imipramine. Eur. J Pharmacol, 1978b; 51: 291-294.
Porsolt RD, Anton G, Deniel M, Jalfre M. Behavioral despair in rats: a new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Eur. J Pharmacol, 1978a; 47: 379-391.
Natan LB, Chaillet P, Lecomte JM, Marcais H, Uchida G, Costentin J. Involvement of endogenous enkephalins in the mouse behavioral despair test. Eur J Pharmacol., 1997: 301-304.
Schechter MD, Chance WT. Non-specificity of "Behavioral despair" as an animal model of depression. Eur. J Pharmacol., 1979; 60: 139-142.
Borsini F, Lecci A, Sessarego A, Frassine R, Meli A (1989) Discovery of antidepressant activity by forced swimming test may depend on pre-exposure of rats to a stressful situation. Psychopharmacology, 1997: 183-188.
Thierry B, Stem L, Chermat R, Simon P. Searching - waiting strategy: a candidate for an evolutionary model of depression. Behav. Neural Biol, 1984; 41: 180-189.
Gilbert P, Allan S. The role of defeat and entrapment (arrested flight) in depression: an exploration of an evolutionary view: an exploration of an evolutionary view. Psychol Med., 1998; 28:585-598.
Kessles K.A. Tricyclic antidepressants: mode of action and clinical use. In:Lipton; 1978.
Gurpreet Kaur, Kulkarni SK. Selective alpha2 - adrenoceptors blockade produces antidepressant effect in mice. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 1998; 30: 394-398.
Chaturvedi HK, Dinesh Chandra, Bapana JS. Effect of NMDA receptor antagonists in forced swimming test and its modification by antidepressants. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 1999; 31:104-109.
Leonard BE and Richelson E. Synaptic effects of antidepressants. In, Schizophrenia and Mood Disorder: The New Drug Therapies in Clinical Practice. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, 2000: 67-84.
Wamsley JK, Byerley WF, McCabe RT, McConnell EJ, Dawson TM and Grosser BI. Receptor alterations associated with serotonergic agents: an autoradiographic analysis. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1987; 48: 19-25.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Pharmacological Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- Author must Submit Copyright form After acceptance of Article