Serum Adenosine Deaminase in patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Relation with Blood Glucose and Glycated Haemoglobin levels

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic characterized bydeficiency of insulin and insulin resistance. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) modulates the bioactivity of insulin and Adenosine receptorsstimulate glucogenolysis and gluconeogenesis^.but its role in Type 2 diabetes mellitus is not yet characterized. Aim and Objectives : The present study aimed to evaluate the serum Adenosine Deaminase level and to correlate ADA levels with Blood Glucose and Glycated hemoglobin levels in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Material and Method: The study population of 120 patients were divided into 3 groups: Group A which consisted of 40 normal healthy individuals without any complication or history of Diabetes. Group B included 40 patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus both with HbA1c 7%. Group C consisted of 40 patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with HbA1c >7% (n=40). Fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, ADA, and body mass Index were estimated in all the subjects under study. Results: The study showed that mean Fasting Blood Sugar, Post prandial Blood sugar and HbA1c concentration was significantly higher in Group C and Group B compared to Group A. Compared with the well-controlled Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients (HbA1c 7%), the poorly controlled group (HbA1c > 7%) showed significantly increased ADA activity (49.79 18.12 U/L vs. 90.10 32.75; P 0.001). The correlation between Adenosine Deaminase and HbA1c was positive and significant in both Group B (r= 0. 389; p= 0.007) and Group C (r = 0.430; p 0.001). Conclusion: Serum ADA levels may have an important role in determining the glycemic status in Diabetics. A positive correlation between ADA level with glycemic control suggest its important role in glucose and lipid metabolic derangements seen in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.