Immediate release tablet formulations: Formulation strategies, superdisintegrants, and evaluation parameters with special reference to antihypertensive drugs
Keywords:
Immediate release tablets, antihypertensive drugs, superdisintegrants, direct compressionAbstract
Immediate-release (IR) tablets represent the most widely utilized solid oral dosage forms owing to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ability to provide rapid therapeutic action. In the management of cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, prompt drug availability is often essential to achieve effective clinical outcomes. Antihypertensive agents, particularly β-adrenergic blockers, are commonly formulated as immediate-release dosage forms to ensure quick onset of action. Esmolol hydrochloride, a cardioselective β₁-blocker with rapid onset and short duration of action, serves as an ideal model drug for studying immediate-release formulation strategies. This review discusses the principles of immediate-release tablet formulation, selection of excipients with emphasis on superdisintegrants, manufacturing techniques, and evaluation parameters. The role of formulation variables in influencing disintegration and dissolution behavior is highlighted, along with recent advances in immediate-release tablet technology. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of formulation approaches for immediate-release tablets of antihypertensive drugs, supporting the development of effective and reliable oral dosage forms.
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