Detection of low birth weights in newborns by Foot length as proxy measure

Abstract

Introduction : Birth weight is an important and sensitive parameter and a determinant factor regarding mortality and morbidity in neonates. However weighing facility may not be available for all home deliveries in remote and rural area in developing countries, where an alternative parameter like foot length may be considered in place of birth weight. Methods : Foot length, birth weight and various other anthropological parameters were measured and compared in 316 low birth weights out of 500 live newborns. A cutoff foot length was detected for different low birth weight groups and its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values was determined . Results : Cut off Foot lengths of 6.70cm ,7.45cm and 8.20 cm were identified for corresponding birth weight groups of 1-1.499 kg, 1.5-1.999 kg, 2.0-2.500 kg. Sensitivity, Specificity ,Positive predictive value for identifying newborns 1.499 kg were 91.91% , 86.54% and 71.84% for newborns 1.99 kg it was 91.01% ,99.14% and 99.18% for newborns 2.5 kg it was 79.32, 100% and 100% respectively. Correlation coefficients between foot length and birth weight showed the highest correlation (r=0.96). Conclusion : Foot length may be considered an alternate parameter to birth weight to detect low birth weight babies ,especially in remote areas(where baby weighing machines are not available) and also in those conditions where baby is less likely to be disturbed. The Calipers , for measuring Foot length may be used by paramedical workers as efficient tool in such places.