Proprioception and balance in healthy adults: A comparison between smartphone and computer users

Abstract

Objective: In our digital society, the use of smartphones has increased rapidly in recent years. The impact of prolonged smartphone and computer usage may lead to balance problems and disturbed neck proprioception due to faulty posture of the neck. This study aimed to compare the impact of smartphone and computer usage on neck proprioception and dynamic balancing ability.

Methods: 70 healthy adults were divided into two groups: smartphone (n=35) and computer users (n=35). Neck proprioception was assessed by Head Repositioning accuracy (HRA) test and dynamic balance assessed by Y balance test (YBT). 3 trials were performed and the mean values were calculated.

Results: The groups were found to be similar on age, height, and weight and body mass index. There was a significant difference on cervical repositioning and dynamic balance measures between the groups (p-value <0.05). All four cervical spine movements (flexion, extension, right and left rotation) showed significant differences between the groups (p<0.05). Computer users had more affecting their dynamic balance and neck proprioception than smartphone users.

Conclusion: Prolonged usage of computers (more than four hours per day) could more negatively affect neck proprioception and dynamic balance ability in healthy adults. The results may be used to promote awareness about smartphone and computer use duration and develop programs to prevent negative effects on neck proprioception and balance ability, especially in computer users.