A Study on various red cell antibodies in admitted patients and its gender wise distribution in a tertiary care centre
Keywords:
Admitted patients, Alloantibodies, AlloimmunizationAbstract
Background: Clinically significant red cell antibodies are usually of IgG type reacting at 370C associated with haemolytic transfusion reactions. IgG type antibodies against red cell antigens are more prevalent in admitted patients, as this group has higher chances of red cell alloimmunization due to higher chances of prior red cell transfusion.
Aims and objectives: 1) To detect various irregular red cell antibodies in the admitted patients. 2) To study the gender wise distribution of various antibodies.
Materials and methods: We prospectively studied samples from 14753 admitted patients who required blood transfusion by performing antibody screening and identification. Red cell transfusion history, clinical conditions, blood grouping & antibody screening results were also studied.
Results: Total 276 (3.5%) cases of red cell antibodies were detected with 78 cases in 6359 males and 198 cases in 8394 female patients. Antibodies were grouped as single antibodies (187), multiple antibodies (21), antibodies against low frequency antigens (4), antibodies against high frequency antigens (29), both auto and alloantibodies (3) and no discernible pattern seen (5). The difference in rate of alloimmunization between males and females was found be statistically significant with a p-value < 0.001.
Conclusion: Our study recommends performing phenotyping for Rh system antigens and K antigen for all patients with planned surgeries and patients not needing emergency transfusions. Extended red cell phenotyping should be done for almost all chronically transfused patients and phenotypically matched blood units should be transfused specially in female patients.
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