Antioxidants activities study of different parts of extracts of Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. (Meliaceae)

Abstract

Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss (Meliaceae) is a plant that has long been used in the Burkina pharmacopoeia for the treatment of many diseases due to its many pharmacological properties. The trunk bark has long been the target of traditional health practitioners. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant activity of trunk bark, leaves and fruits (hulls and seeds) in order to show whether these parts which are easily renewable could be used in place of the bark of the trunk. Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts have been made from powders of the bark of the trunk, leaves, hulls and seeds of Khaya senegalensis. A phytochemical study was carried out beforehand from these extracts and made it possible to highlight tannins, flavonoids, saponosides, coumarins, anthraquinones, emodols, triterpenes and sterols which are polyphenols endowed with antioxidant activity. Evaluation of the antioxidant effect of aqueous extracts showed a reduction in DPPH with IC₅₀s of 27.89 ± 0.07 µg / ml, 44.88 ± 0.43 µg / ml, 54.62 ± 0.87 µg / ml and 55.56 ± 0.23 µg / ml for bark, leaves, hulls and seeds, respectively. This shows that the different parts are gifted with antioxidant activity and the barks are more powerful than the others. These results show that for hydroalcoholic extracts, the leaves and fruits could be used as a replacement for the bark, but factors such as the high cost of producing these extracts, the periodicity of fruiting and the difficulty of harvesting would limit their use.