Acute Toxicity Studies and Phytochemical Screening of Aqueous and Ethyl Acetate Stem Bark Extracts of Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae)
Keywords:
Acute toxicity, chemicals, herbal productsAbstract
Acute toxicity assessment of chemicals and herbal products is usually conducted to predict toxicity and provide guidelines for selecting safe doses for humans. The present study was aimed to determine the phytochemical constituents and medial lethal dose (LD50) of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of Securidaca longipedunculta stem bark using the basic phytochemical screening, Up and Down Procedure (UDP) and Lorke method. The result shows that glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, phenolic compounds and carbohydrates were all detected in both extracts. The medial lethal dose (LD50) of the ethyl acetate extract was greater than 5, 000 mg/kg body weight, while that of the aqueous extract was found to be above 2, 000 mg/kg body weight. It can be concluded that the aqueous and ethyl acetate stem bark extracts of Securidaca longipedunculta were slightly toxic and practically non-toxic respectively.
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