Histopathological Study of Adnexal Lesions in Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background: Adnexal tumors (ATs) are the tumors arising from the appendages of the skin such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. These tumors are usually misdiagnosed clinically, and histopathology confirms the diagnosis.

Aim and Objectives: To study the incidence, histopathological pattern, age and sex wise distribution of various skin adnexal lesions and also compare the results of the study with those of other studies.

Method: In this study, a total of 149 cases of skin adnexal lesions were studied during the period of 2 years from November 2016 to October 2018. All slides were stained with standard haematoxylin and eosin stain (H & E) and studied under a light microscope. A special stain like PAS was performed whenever required.

Results: Out of 149 cases, 133 (89.26%) were diagnosed as neoplastic and 16 (10.74%) as non-neoplastic lesions. In neoplastic cases benign tumors (93; 69.9%) were common than malignant (40; 30.1%) with male preponderance. Skin adnexal lesions show wide age presentation, but malignant tumors presented with older age (60-80 years). Among all adnexal tumors, predominantly most of them showed the solid pattern and basaloid cell population. Calcification is common in both benign and malignant skin adnexal tumors, but necrosis is a prominent feature of malignant tumors. Peripheral palisading classically described in some malignant tumor-like BCC but it can be seen in benign skin adnexal tumor.

Conclusion: Hematoxylin and Eosin staining remain the best for the primary histopathological diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry is very helpful in the accurate categorization of the lesion when there is a dilemma in histopathological diagnosis.