A comparison of oral clonidine with oral midazolam for premedication in paediatric anaesthesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbar.v10i01.5028Keywords:
coratina olive, coratina olive, IBA, IBA, Cuttings, CuttingsAbstract
Background: Midazolam is currently the most commonly used premedicant, but newer drugs such as the alfa2-agonists have emerged as alternatives for premedication in children. Hence the present study was undertaken to compare the clinical effects of oral clonidine and oral midazolam for premedication in paediatric anaesthesia.
Method: In a prospective, observational study, 60 children of age range from 2-10 years, ASA grade I and II were randomly assigned in two groups to receive either oral clonidine 4mcg/kg (Group C) or oral midazolam 0.5mg/kg (Group M) prior to induction of anaesthesia. Drug acceptance, preoperative sedation, anxiolysis, parenteral separation, venepuncture, quality of mask acceptance and induction, perioperative haemodynamic stability, postoperative sedation and behavior were noted.
Results: Both the drugs were palatable with honey out of 30 patients in each group, 9(30%) patients in group-C and 8(26.66%) patients in group-M taste as indifferent but palatable. Onset of sedation was significantly faster after premedication with midazolam (31.00
Downloads
References
Mahajan RK, Singh I, Kataria AP.Comparison of Oral Clonidine and Midazolam as Premedications in Children. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2012; 6(5): 870-873.
McMillan CO, Spahr-Schopfer IA, Sikich N, Hartley E, Lerman J. Premedication of children with oral midazolam. Can J Anaesth. 1992 Jul; 39(6):545-50.
McGraw T, Kendrick A. Oral midazolam premedication and postoperative behavior in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 1998; 8:117-21.
Marhofer P, Glaser C, Krenn CG, Grabner CM, Semsroth M. Incidence and therapy of midazolam induced hiccups in pediatric anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth. 1999; 9:295-8.
Millar K, Asbury AJ, Bowman AW, Hosey MT, Martin K, Musiello T, et al. A randomized placebo controlled trial of the effects of midazolam premedication on children's postoperative cognition. Anaesthesia. 2007; 62:923-30.
Goldparvar M, Saghaei M, Sajedi P, Razavi SS. Paradoxical reaction following intravenous midazolam premedication in pediatric patients: A randomized placebo controlled trial of ketamine for rapid tranquilization. Paediatr Anaesth 2004; 14:924 - 30.
Lonnqvist PA, Habre W. Midazolam as premedication: Is the emperor naked or just half dressed? Paediatr Anaesth. 2005; 15:263-5.
Bergendahl H, Lonnqvist PA, Eksborg S. Clonidine in paediatric anaesthesia: Review of the literature and comparison with benzodiazepines for premedication. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2006; 50:135-43.
Almenrader N, Passariello M, Coccetti B et al. Premedication in children: A comparison of oral midazolam and oral clonidine. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007; 17:1143-9.
Paris A, Kaufmann M, Tonner PH, Renz P, Lemke T, Ledowski T, et al. Effects of clonidine and midazolam premedication on bispectral index and recovery after elective surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2009; 26:603-10.
Cao J, Shi X, Miao X, Xu J. Effects of premedication of midazolam or clonidine on perioperative anxiety and pain in children. Biosci Trends. 2009; 3:115-8.
Carabine UA, Milligan KR, Moore JA. Adrenergic modulation of preoperative anxiety: A comparison of temazepam, clonidine, and timolol. Anesth Analg. 1991; 73:633-7.
Carabine UA, Wright PM, Moore J. Preanaesthetic medication with clonidine: A dose response study. Br J Anaesth. 1991; 67:79-83.
Desai D, Swadia VN, Sahoo A. oral clonidene in children: efficacy as premedicant and effect on postoperative recovery. (Comparison of two different doses 3μg/kg and 4μg/kg). Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2013; 2(3): 271-283
Trevor S, Upadya M, Sinha C, Kaur M. A comparison of midazolam and clonidine as an oral premedication in pediatric patients. Saudi J Anaesth. 2012; 6(1):8-11.
Azad AK, Ahsan MN, Islam MS. Oral Clonidine and Midazolam as Premedication in Pediatric Anesthesia- Efficacy and Outcome in Comparison with Oral Promethagine. Acta Medica International 2015; 2(1): 92-95.
Davies FC, Waters M. Oral midazolam for conscious sedation of children during minor procedures. J Accid Emerg Med. 1998 Jul; 15(4):244-8.
Cote CJ, Cohen IT, Suresh S, Rabb M, Rose JB, Weldon BC, et al. A comparison of three doses of commercially prepared oral midazolam syrup in children. Anesth Analg. 2002 Jan; 94(1):37-43.
Das A, Das K, Baruah M, Krishnatreya M, Kataki AC. Oral premedication for pediatric anaesthesia: a comparison between midazolam and clonidine. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2017 Jan 2; 4(6): 2341-7.
Stoelting RK, Hillar SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in Anaesthetic Practice. Fourth Edition; 2006: p 142-146.
Potts AL, Larsson P, Eksborg S, Warman G, Lonquist PA, Anderson BJ: Clonidine disposition in children; a population analysis. Pediateric Anesthesia 2007; 17:924-33.
De Vos H, Bricca G, De Keyser J, De Backer JP, Bousquet P, Vauquelin G. Imidazole receptors, non adrenergic idazoxan binding sites and alpha 2-adrenoreceptors in the human central nervous system. Neuroscience 1994; 59:589-98.
Sujatha Basker, Georgene Singh, Rebecca Jacob. Indian J Anesthesia 2009; 53(3): 270-280.
Saarnivaara L, Lindgren L, Klemola UM. Comparison of chloral hydrate and midazolam by mouth as premedicants in children undergoing otolaryngological surgery. Br J Anaesth. 1988; 61(4):390-6.
Levine MF, Spahr-Schopfer IA, Hartley E, Lerman J, MacPherson B. Oral midazolam premedication in children: the minimum time interval for separation from parents. Can J Anaesth. 1993; 40(8):726-9.
Pywell CA, Hung YJ, Nagelhout J. Oral midazolam versus meperidine, atropine, and diazepam: a comparison of premedicants in pediatric outpatients. AANA J. 1995 Apr; 63(2):124-30.
Sahoo S, Kaur M, Tripathy HK, Kumar A, Kohli S, Nanda S. Comparative evaluation of midazolam and clonidine as pediatric oral premedication. Anesth Essays Res. 2013; 7(2):221-7.
Fazi L, Jantzen EC, Rose JB, Kurth CD, Watcha MF. A comparison of oral clonidine and oral midazolam as preanesthetic medications in the pediatric tonsillectomy patient. Anesth Analg. 2001; 92(1):56-61.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (SeeThe Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
