Evaluation of iron status in patients with chronic kidney disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbar.v9i8.4873Keywords:
Anemia, Chronic kidney disease, Iron deficiencyAbstract
Background: Anemia is an early and common complication of non dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is considered a hallmark of chronicity of renal disease. It increases in prevalence and severity as renal function decreases, becoming much more common as the progression of disease thereby further increasing the morbidity in these patients. Therefore, earlier detection and correction of anemia may be helpful in preventing the progression of the diseases and its adverse outcomes.
Methods: The present study was designed to evaluate the iron status in pre dialysis CKD patients. Fifty diagnosed CKD subjects were randomly selected who were attending the department of Medicine and Nephrology of A J Institute of Medical Sciences hospital. Fifty age and sex matched healthy persons served as controls. Haemoglobin, serum iron, Total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TSAT), serum ferritin and serum creatinine were estimated by using commercially available kits. Statistical data were analyzed by using SPSS16.
Results: All the CKD subjects were anaemic with haemoglobin concentration below 11g/dl and 68% of them showed moderate degree of anemia. Serum iron, serum ferritin, TSAT and haemoglobin were significantly lower in CKD patients as compared to the control group (p= 0.0001) whereas TIBC was significantly higher in the CKD patients when compared to the control group (p=0.0496). Among the CKD patients, 14% had serum ferritin 100 ng/mL and TSAT 20% which indicated absolute iron deficiency. The most frequent causes of CKD were diabetes mellitus (64%) and hypertension (20%).
Conclusions: It is evident from the present study that iron deficiency in patients with CKD maybe multifactorial. Anemia is one of the earliest manifestations in CKD patients. Our findings suggest that various parameters of iron status if used in tandem are useful as markers for determining the severity of iron deficiency anemia in CKD patients.
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