Histopathology of soft tissue tumors in association with immunohistochemistry

Abstract

Aim: To study the histopathological pattern for understanding the classification and type of soft tissue tumors. To find out the relative incidence of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors and to classify the soft tissue tumours on basis of age, sex, site, types and benign and malignant behaviour. Material and Methods: The test population comprised of patients with soft tissue lesions, between July 2014 to July 2016, evaluated by light microscopy and Immunohistochemistry. Results: Painless mass was the most common presenting symptom in our study. Benign soft tissue tumors (89.7%) outnumbered malignant tumors (9.2%) by a ratio of 9.7:1. In our study, Male: Female ratio-1.16:1. In benign soft tissue tumor, Male: Female ratio -1.1:1 and in malignant soft tissue tumor, Male: Female - 0.9:1 in our study. First most common soft tissue tumors are Lipomatous tumors among the all soft tissue tumor. Benign lipomatous tumors are the most common tumors in present study. Most common site soft tissue tumor found is upper limb with chest in present study. Most common age of soft tissue tumor is in 2^nd and 3^rd decade of life. Malignant tumors are 9.2% reported; most common tumors are skeletal muscle tumors 100% followed by stromal tumor (80%). Second most common tumor is capillary lobular haemangioma which are of vascular origin. In the present study 3 cases of intermediate type of soft tissue tumor 2 of haemangiopericytoma and 1 of fibromatosis are found, which are rarely found. IHC markers were applied in 25 cases where microscopy was inconclusive to arrive at a definite diagnosis. Conclusion: A good clinical acumen, through description and grossing of specimen, and microscopic evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin stained sections are fundamental aspects in diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. Majority of tumors diagnosed by hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Immunohistochemistry was done wherever light microscopy was inconclusive.