Bacteriological profile and sensitivity pattern of microorganisms causing Urinary Tract Infection at a tertiary care center in eastern Uttar Pradesh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbar.v7i6.3366Abstract
Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections worldwide, and the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility varies widely in different regions depending on the antibiotic policies. Aim: To know the bacteriological profile of UTIs and the antibiogram of uropathogens in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Material and Methods: This study was prospective and conducted at tertiary care center in one year study duration (2015). All the patients clinically suspected of having UTI were enrolled, their culture and sensitivity was performed as per standard protocol, irrespective of age, sex, indoor/outdoor and associated illnesses. Results: In a total of 2217 patients, 967 (43.61 %) were positive for uropathogen by culture, and positivity in female was high (46.48%) as compared to male (38.46%). Escherichia coli was the most common 346 (35.80 %) uropathogen followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 183 (18.92%) and Enterococcus species 125 (12.92%). Gram negative isolates were most sensitive to imipenem (92%), ceftazidime-clavulanate (71%), piperacillin-tazobactam (68%), amikacin (60%), followed by nitrofurantoin (56%) as compared with fluoroquinolones. Gram positive isolates were most sensitive to vancomycin (91%) followed by linezolid (80%) and amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (45 %). Conclusion : UTI is a very common problem and rate of antibiotic resistance is relatively high. Imipenem, ceftazidime-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, vancomycin and linezolid, were found sensitive against isolated uropathogens.Downloads
References
Hooton TM. Clinical practice. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 2012;366:1028
Baron EJ. The role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in the diagnosis of selected infectious processes. J Clin Microbiol 2011Sep;49( Suppl 9):S25.
Scottish intercollegiate guidelines network (SIGN). Management of suspected bacterial urinary tract infections in adults 2012. Available online: http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign88.pdf (accessed on 20 May 2016).
Lilian MA, Hooton TM. Antimicrobial stewardship and urinary tract infections. Antibiotics 2014;3(2):174-92.
Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, Wullt B, Colgan R, Miller LG et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: A 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of America and the European society for microbiology and infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52(5):103
Dryden M, Johnson AP, Ashiru-Oredope D, Sharland M. Using antibiotics responsibly: Right drug, right time, right dose, right duration. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011;66(11):2441-43.
Forbes BA, Sahm DF, Weissfeld AS. Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic microbiology, 12th ed. Mosby Elsevier; 2007.p.842-55.
MacFaddin JF. Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2000.
Collee JG, Fraser AG, Marmian, BP, Simmons A. Mackie and McCartney practical medical microbiology. 14th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1996.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S24,Vol.34 No1. Wayne PA: 2014.
Wettergren B, Jodal U, Jonasson G. Epidemiology of bacteriuria during the first year of life. Acta Paediatr Scand 1985;74(6):925-33.
Griebling TL. Urologic diseases in America project: trends in resource use for urinary tract infections in men. J Urol 2005 Apr;173(4):1288-94.
Dielubanza EJ, Schaeffer AJ. Urinary tract infections in women. The Medical clinics of North America. 2011 Jan;95(1):27-41.
Raz R, Gennesin Y, Wasser J, Stoler Z, Rosenfeld S, Rottensterich E et al. Recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30(1):152-6.
Razak SK, Gurushantappa V. Bacteriology of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in tertiary care hospital in South India. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health. 2012;1(2):109-12.
Patel P, Garala RN, Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infections in paediatric patients. Journal of research in Medical and Dental sciences. 2014;2(1):20-5.
Das RN, Chandrashekar TS, Joshi HS, Gurung M, Shrestha N, Shivananda PG. Frequency and susceptibility profile of pathogens causing urinary tract infections at a tertiary care hospital in western Nepal. Singapore Med J 2006 Apr;47(4):281-5.
Shobha KL, Gowrish RS, Sugandhi R, Sreeja CK. Prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in urinary isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Citrobacter species and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal for the Practising Doctor 2007;3(6):01-02.
Khameneh ZR, Afshar AT. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of urinary tract pathogens. Saudi J. Kidney Dis Transpl 2009 Mar;20(2):251-3.
James, A.K., Laurie, J., Clyde, T. Trends in antimicrobial resistance among urinary tract infection isolates of Escherichia coli from female outpatients in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Aug;46(8):2540-45.
Henry FC, Daniel HD. Miscellaneous antimicrobial agents. In: Bertram GK, Susan BM, Anthony JT, editors. Basic and clinical pharmacology. 11th ed. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill publication; 2009.p.878.
Sohail M, Khurshid M, Saleem HGM, Javed H, and Khan AA. Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance of Urinary Tract Pathogens Isolated From Punjab, Pakistan Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2015 Jul;8(7):e19272
Garg N, Shukla I, Rizvi M, Ahmed SM, Khatoon A, Khan F. Microbiological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates causing urinary tract infection in intensive care unit patients in a tertiary care hospital in Aligarh region, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science 2015;1:163-72.
Warren JW, Abrutyn E, Hebel JR, Johnson JR,Schaeffer AJ, Stamm WE. Guidelines for antimicrobial treatment of uncomplicated acute bacterial cystitis and acute pyelonephritis in women. InfectiousDiseases Society of Americ (IDSA). Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29(4):745-58.
Alyamani EJ, Khiyami MA, Booq RY, Alnafjan BM, Altammami MA, and Bahwerth FS. Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) produced by clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Saudi Arabia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2015;14:38.
Shaikh S, Fatima J, Shakil S, Rizvi SD, and Kamal MA. Prevalence of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary care hospital. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2015 Jan;22(1):62
Ananthan S, Subha A. Cefoxitin resistance mediated by loss of a porin in clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Indian J Med Microbiology 2005;23(1):20-3.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (SeeThe Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
