Prevalence and Etiology of Tuberculosis from Sputum of Patients using Geno-Type Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) in Niger State, North Central, Nigeria.

Abstract

This study aimed at the prevalence of Patients infected with Tuberculosis and their causative Organisms and this was carried out from Six General Hospitals of Niger State,, North Central, Nigeria. Three sputum samples and 2ml of blood were collected from 1920 Patients that have cough of two weeks and above. Their HIV status was determined and Viral antibody detection was carried out using World Health Organization approved kits called Determine, Unigold and Star pack. Their sputum samples were cultured after routine microscopy. Sputum samples were processed using Ziehl -Neelsen (ZN) reagents. The sputa were cultured on Loewenstein-Jensen egg based medium and incubated at 370C for eight weeks. All the Acid-fast bacill (AFB) positive smears and culture positive isolates were tested for genetic identification using Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) (GenoType MTBC (Hain Lifescience)) to confirmed the isolates to species level. The results reviewed that out of the one thousand Nine hundred and twenty (1920) Patients that were screened for HIV and TB, four hundred and sixteen (416) (23.1%) had MTB complex infection: four hundred and thirteen (413) (99.2%) had Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; two (2) (0.4%) had Mycobacterium africanum ; and one (1) (0.2%) had Mycobacterium bovis ; fourty six samples were contaminated while seventy four samples were non tuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) and were removed from the research, one thousand eight hundred Patients were used for the research. The most affected age group was between elevem to fourty (11-40) years and male had the highest prevalence of tuberculosis infection with two hundred and twelve (212) (50.9%) compared to the female with two hundred and four (204) (49.0%), statistical analysis shows that there was an association between gender and also between the age group with P 0.05. Five hundred and fifteen (515) (28.6%) patients were screened positive for HIV and one hundred and eighty six (186) (36.1%) Patients had HIV and TB co-infections.