The Protective Role of Datura Stramonium Leaves Ethanolic Extract Against Acute Carbaryl Toxicity in Rats

Abstract

Background and objective: Two experiments were designed and performed in the present study in order to investigate the protective role of Datura stramonium leaves ethanolic extract against acute carbaryl toxicity in rats. Methods: The first experiment was designed to study the acute toxicological effects of Datura stramonium crude ethanolic extract and carbaryl in rats by determining the oral median lethal dose (LD₅₀) using up and down method. The second experiment was isobolographic analysis that used to determine the sort of interaction of the plant extract and carbaryl alone and in combination. Results: The calculated median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was (3185.25) mg/kg B.W. for ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium leaves and (328.5) mg/kg B.W. for carbaryl insecticide. The clinical signs were observed daily during the course of experiment, animal with toxic dose of carbaryl showed mainly cholinergic effect symptom, while those with toxic dose of Datura stramonium extract showed mainly anticholinergic effect symptom. The result of isobolographic analysis showed that the sort of interaction was highly antagonism .There was increase in the combined LD₅₀ of carbaryl and Datura stramoinum extract nearly double that of each one alone , this was due to the plant contain high level of tropane alkaloids that abolish carbaryl cholinergic toxic effect by blocking the muscarinic receptors of parasympathetic nerve ending. Conclusion : Datura stramonium leaves extract shows highly protective effect against carbaryl cholinergic toxic effect in acute exposure in rats.